- FNP REFERS TO A SET OF TECHNIQUES OF FACILITATION NEUROMUSCULAR PROPIOCEPTIVE (FNP). THEY´RE THERAPEUTIC METHODS CARRIED OUT IN ORDER TO OBTAIN SPECIFIC ANSWERS OF THE SYSTEM NEUROMUSCULAR FROM THE STIMULATION OF THE ORGANIC PROCIOCEPTOR.
- FIRST, STETCH AS FAR AS YOU CAN WITH A STATIC STRETCH, MAINTAIN THIS POSITION FOR 20´´.
- SECOND, MAKE AN ISOMETRIC STRETCHING AND STAY IN THIS POSITION FOR 8´´.
- THIRD, REST FOR AROUND 6´´.
- FINALLY, STRETCH AS FAR AS YOU CAN, IF YOU HAVE DONE WELL, YOU WILL STETCH MORE.
2. EXPLAIN THE GENERAL SYNDROME OF ADAPTATION AND ALL ITS PHASES AND 3. EXPLAIN THE THRESHOLD LAW BY ARNOLD SCHULT. ILLUSTRATE WITH AN EXAMPLE.
- THE ADAPTATION OCCURS BY THE ASSIMILATION OF OPTICAL STIMULUS SITUATED BETWEEN THE MINIMUM THRESHOLD AND THE MAXIMUM THRESHOLD DIFFEREBNTIATING IN THIS TYPES OF STIMULUS:
- SMALL STIMULUS: INTENSITY BELOW THE MINIMUM THRESHOLD WHERE NO RESPONSE OF THE ORGANISM OCCURS.
- MEDIUM STIMULUS: ITS INTENSITY REACHES THE MINIMUM THRESHOLD BUT DOES NOT EXCEED IT, THAT IS, IT MAKES A RESPONSE BUT NO ADAPTATION.
- STRONG STIMULUS: IT IS THE OPTICAL STIMULUS, IT OFFERS RESPONSE AND ADAPTATION.
- VERY STRONG STIMULUS: THE INTENSITY IS VERY HIGH AND IT IS GENERATED ABOVE THE MAXIMUM THRESHOLD HIGHER THAN WHAT YOU CAN SUPPORT, RESULTING IN EXAHUSTION.
- SPECIFIC ADAPTATIONS: THEY CAN BE IMMEDIATE ADAPTATIONS OR LONG-TERM ADAPTATIONS.
- GENERAL OR NONSPECIFIC ADPTATIONS: THESE ARE ADAPTATIONS OF A HORMONAL NATURA THAT ARE CLOSELY RELATED TO THE GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME
- IT IS DIVIDED INTO THREE PHASES:
- STRESS OR ALARM PHASE: IN THIS PHASE YOUR BODY PERCEIVES THE STRESS OR TRAINING LOAD THAT YOU ARE APPLYING, THEREFORE, THE BODY WILL BEGIN TO DEVELOP A SERIES OF ALTERATIONS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ORIGIN, CONTROLLED BY THE NERVOUS SYSTEM SYMPATHETI, WHO WILL PREDISPOSE HIM TO FACE THIS BURDEN. THE APPEARANCE OF THESE SYMPTOMS WILL BE DETERMINED BY SEVERAL FACTORS: THE DEGREE OF PERCEIVED THREAT, CONTROL OVER THE STIMULUS, ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS OR PHYSICAL PARAMETERS. WTHIN THE ALARM PHASE THERE ARE TWO SUB-PHASES:
- SHOCK SUB-PHASE AND ANTI-SHOCK SUB-PHASE
- ENDURANCE PHASE: THIS PHASE REFERS TO THE ADAPTATION OF OUR BODY TO THE TRAINING LOAD. IN THIS ADAPTATION PHASE, EMOTIONAL, COGNITIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES ARE DEVELOPED TOGETHER. GIVEN THE PERSISTENCE OF THE STIMULI, THE ORGANISM OVERCOMES THE INITIAL EQUILIBRIUM, ADAPTATING AND ACQUIRING A STATE OF RESISTANCE SUPERIOR TO THAT OF THE ALARM PHASE.
- EXHAUSTION PHASE: WHEN YOUR ADAPTATION MECHANISMS ARE NOT EFFECTIVE.
4. WHAT IS THE TRAINING LOSD AND WHAT ARE ITS COMPONENTS?
- TRAINING LOAD IS TEXTUAL FEEDBACK ON THE STRENUOUSNESS OF A SINGLE TRAINING SESSION.
- TRAINIG LOAD CALCULATION IN BASED ON THE CONSUMPTION OF CRITICAL ENERGY SOURCES DURING EXERCISE.
- THE MAIN COMPONENTS OF TRAINING LOAD ARE VOLUME AND INTENSITY.
- ALSO, THERE IS A TRADE-OFF BETWEEN VOLUME AND INTENSITY: IN MOST CASES, VOLUMEGOES DOWN AS INTENSITY INCREASES AND VICE-VERSA.
5. EXPLAIN THE PRINCIPLES OF TRAINING ACCORDING TO THE CLASSIFICATION OF OLIVER (1985) AND ZINTL (1991).
-SPECIFICITY: TRAINING MUST BE MATCHED TO THE NEEDS OF THE SPORTING ACTIVITY TO IMPROVE FITNESS IN THE BODY PARTS THE SPORT USES.
-OVERLOAD: FITNESS CAN ONLY BE IMPROVED BY TRAINING MORE THAN YOU NORMALLY DO. YOU MUST WORK HARD.
-PROGRESSION: START SLOWLY AND GRADUALLY INCREASE THE AMOUNT OF EXERCISE AND KEEP OVERLOADING.
-REVERSIBILITY: ANY ADAPTATION THAT TAKES PACE AS A RESULT OF TRAINING WILL BE REVERSED WHEN YOU STOP TRAINIG. IF YOU TAKE A BREAK OR DON´T TRAIN OFTEN ENOUGH YOU WILL LOSE FITNESS.
